Effective Reporting

I have been discussing “Effective Reporting” recently with some people. The point that came out of it is that “Effective” is “relative”. Knowing your target audience is essential. Since the goal of a report is to convert raw data into actionable intelligence(whether targeting, an intrusion report, divorce case, counter-terrorism, etc), the final report is the fruit of the labor. It is what the customer is paying for.

If you can not convey your findings into a coherent and useful report, then what exactly were you hired to do?

Is there a set standard for reporting in forensics? Should there be? My rule of thumb is to follow what we did with the FBI.

Table of Contents — In case it gets long…

Executive Summary — This covers who, what, when, where, why, and how.

Computer Evidence Analyzed — “1 laptop, Dell Latitude x800, S/N 1234566, 160GB HD, S/N 234234234″

Details — This covers what you did…regardless of what you found. Most likely WON’T get read…until the invoice is received. This is where you can and should list what you did and how you did it.

Recommendations — This is where we put recommendations such as “Install Antivirus Software on all machines” or something like that.

Conclusion — You can restate your findings in a more succinct manner as it will probably make more detailed sense if the reader has actually read the preceding pages

I am a BIG proponent of screen captures with circles and arrows to guide the impatient reader through the DETAILS section. By adding a caption and anchoring the reference a reader can basically look at the pictures and read the one-lined captions and get a sense of the report.

This is an interesting topic which we are trying to get a group of Northern Virginians(West of the beltway locale) together for dinner and active discussion to begin topics like this.

Government Created Pr0n!

Here it is:br /br /a href=”http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1336331/Baywatchs-Donna-D-Errico-singled-TSA-body-scan-looks.html”Exploitation of TSA scanners/abr /br /I knew it would not take that long. nbsp;In fact, I recall the first weekend TSA ‘people’(I REFUSE to call any of them “agents” as I know agents and that is slap in the face to classify them as the same) exploiting their position to “randomly” pull people for full body scans.br /br /Here is my prediction…br /br /Listen up, because as I told my wife, “Show me the most secure, honest, good-intentioned government intervention and I’ll show you a degenerate that will exploit it…most like with a dolphin, donkey or midget.”br /br /Anyway, here is my prediction:br /br /Aforementioned degenerated TSA person(armed with cell phone and camera) pulls a person into the scanner and takes a snapshot with the camera. nbsp;Instant pr0n.br /br /Further…br /br /A celebrity gets pulled into the scanner(because they just KNOW that David Hasselhoff is an Al-Qaida operative…”HEY MAN! Don’t hassle the Hoff….get me a cheeseburger, Mujibar!”). nbsp;A snapshot is taken and sold to the papers for big bucks.br /br /Further more…br /br /A child is pulled into the scanner and a snapshot is taken and instantly child pr0n has been created by a government “official”.br /br /Lastly…br /br /I’m not *too* familiar with the systems, but I’ll venture a guess that there is a hard drive in the scanners. nbsp;I’ll make a guess also that the processing of the picture will need to put remnants on the hard drive. nbsp;So…br /br /How can the government justify essentially creating child pr0n?br /br /…and suddenly an entire industry of Government Created X-Ray Pr0n has been created.

Buzz Word Bonanza!

Buzz words are for marketing people, managers, and other people wishing to look the part(a part…any part). nbsp;New buzz words in forensics seem to be masking the actual issues at hand. nbsp;Here is a list of buzz words where one can get sucked into:br /br /”APT”-Advanced Persistent Threat. nbsp;Do you know what they called hackers before APT? nbsp;Hackers. nbsp;Do you know what they’ll call hackers AFTER APT? nbsp;Hackers. nbsp;I can not count the meetings I have been in where the intruded company was bent on knowing “is it APT?”. nbsp;”Does it matter?” is my usual response. nbsp;”WIth all due respect…”(nothing good ever comes after this statement either), “if China steals your trade secrets and makes a product as good or better, then most people will buy that one because there are trailer parks ALL OVER America that want cheap flat screen TV’s from Wal-Mart….so who cares where it originates? nbsp;You won’t be able to prosecute, nor will you find them, so how about protecting your assets first.”br /br /”Super Time Line”- Do you know how confused an agent, cop, manager, CEO is when you hand them a huge SQL database for a timeline. nbsp;I find that the best way to Timeline is to put in pertinent facts/times only. nbsp;Leave the Super Duper Ubertacular Awesome timeline buzz wording to other security consultants and do the job. nbsp;Believe it or not, by telling the truth and getting the job done, a company will want to keep you around as THEIR security team.br /br /br /In summation, the end game is the same no matter if the intruder is China, Ecuador, a pasty white fat kid in his parents basement–they want leverage. nbsp;Something, ANYTHING that is worthwhile. nbsp;And the funny part is, the Methodology is the same as well. nbsp;Add a hacker (a nice one that is not too adverse to Sun or people) to your forensic team and see how your cases are more complete. nbsp;FAR TOO OFTEN have I had to mop up the dregs of a case wherein a “company” sent their “Senior Consultant”(who egotistically adds the certification acronyms to their “Last Name” box on Linkedin). br /br /Don’t be “that company” or “that consultant”. nbsp;Think outside the box.

PWN’d again

Several moons ago, I went to a conference and was misfortunate enough to sit through a presentation given by someone who was(unfortunately) given the task of presenting on email forensics. nbsp;The opening went something like this:br /br /”Who here uses email?…..you?…what about gmail?……hotmail?…….eudora?…..”. nbsp;And this went on for a LONG time. nbsp;He took a rhetorical question and beat it stupid. nbsp;As the STREAM of people cascaded past me, I felt bad for the guy and punished myself by staying in the presentation. nbsp;He relied on the internet for his presentation. nbsp;Yes, his presentation consisted of downloading and installing applications. nbsp;As Murphy’s Law dictates, he was unable to get on the internet. nbsp;So the sucky presentation, which could not have been worse, actually got worse. br /br /Time goes by and I am at PFIC in Utah and see a presentation on handheld forensics. nbsp;The opening line by a familiar looking person starts with, “Who uses a cell phone? nbsp;you?….you?….what about an iPhone?……..you?”. nbsp;And I realize at that point that I have been pwn’d TWICE by this person.br /br /Which brings me to my main rant about this page. nbsp;Just because someone is presenting on a topic, does not mean they are 100 percent correct on what they are saying. nbsp;This has happened several times. nbsp;FOR INSTANCE, when I left my last job and went to another, they tasked us with doing forensic analysis on Timestomp usage and tracking that down. nbsp;I did EVERYTHING with timestomp. nbsp;I pimpslapped it around for over a month. nbsp;I analyzed it like a fat kid weeding out vegetables from a dinner plate. nbsp;Short story long–I KNOW timestomp. br /br /Months later at a conference I hear a well-known name presenting on a new buzz word(don’t get me going on forensic buzz words…I’ll post later on that…), and he mentions timestomp specifically. nbsp;I suddenly perk up and listen in hopes of learning something new. nbsp;To my dismay, he puts out bum info! nbsp;As I was leaving, I asked “Are you sure it works this way even if you do X?”. nbsp;Staring blankly….”Uh, yeah. nbsp;Yes, it will”. nbsp;2 hours later, ANOTHER big name starts spreading “False Doctrine”(as I have come to dub it). br /br /Dang shame, yo.